Pakistan’s foreign policy is shaped by its geopolitical location, security concerns, economic needs, and regional dynamics. One of the cornerstones of Pakistan’s foreign policy is its strong and strategic relationship with China. This bilateral relationship reflects several key foreign policy priorities:
1. Strategic and Security Partnership
Pakistan views China as a reliable strategic ally, especially in the context of its tense relations with India. The two countries have maintained close military cooperation, with China supplying defense equipment and technology. This partnership is seen as a counterbalance to Indian regional dominance and as a way to ensure Pakistan’s national security.
-
Joint military exercises
-
Defense technology transfer
-
Support in international forums like the UN
2. Economic Development and Infrastructure
One of the most visible aspects of Pakistan-China relations is the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a multi-billion dollar infrastructure and development project under China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
-
CPEC includes roads, railways, energy projects, and the development of Gwadar Port.
-
It addresses Pakistan’s priority of economic revival, energy shortages, and job creation.
-
China has become Pakistan’s largest investor and trading partner.
3. Regional Connectivity and Strategic Depth
Through its partnership with China, Pakistan aims to:
-
Improve regional connectivity with Central Asia and the Middle East.
-
Increase its geo-economic significance by becoming a trade and transit hub.
-
Reduce dependence on Western aid and align more with the Eurasian geopolitical bloc.
4. Diplomatic and International Support
China has supported Pakistan on key international issues, especially:
-
The Kashmir conflict at the UN Security Council and other international platforms.
-
Shielding Pakistan from international sanctions and FATF blacklisting.
-
Balancing Western criticism of Pakistan’s internal policies.
5. Technological and Educational Collaboration
Pakistan is increasingly looking to China for collaboration in:
-
Science and technology, including nuclear energy and space programs.
-
Higher education, with thousands of Pakistani students studying in China.
